Technical studies
Case studies
Mechanism-based technical studies: what drives performance, how to diagnose problems and what to test before changing the plant.
Technical studies
Technical study
Impact of asphaltenes, sulphur and calcium on electrostatic coalescer performance
Asphaltenes are a direct barrier to droplet coalescence, total sulphur is mostly an indirect indicator, and calcium matters once its form is known. A mechanism-based guide to diagnosis and control.
Technical study
Rag layers in electrostatic desalters: causes, diagnosis and control
This study explains why rag layers build up in electrostatic desalters and how to diagnose and control them using interface profiles, rag analysis and source control.
Technical study
VPSA for industrial CO₂ capture: process basis, limiting factors and how to evaluate a project
How VPSA captures CO₂, why feed concentration, water and vacuum level limit it, how it compares with amine solvents, and how to evaluate a project in stages.
Technical study
Where the energy goes in green hydrogen production
Traces where electricity is used and lost in green hydrogen plants, from import meter to storage, and shows which design and operating levers most reduce cost per kilogram.
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