One key insight from the IEA World Energy Outlook for 2023 is that achieving net zero emissions by 2050, as per the Net Zero Emissions by 2050 (NZE) Scenario, does not require the complete phase-out of fossil fuels. Instead, it emphasizes the necessity of abating all net emissions from fossil fuels, primarily through carbon capture and storage (CCS) and other engineered carbon dioxide removals (CDR) methods, including Direct Air Carbon Capture and Storage (DACCS) and Biomass Energy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS). This approach allows for the continued, albeit reduced, use of abated fossil fuels, contrasting with the more stringent demands for a complete phase-out of all fossil fuel production and use.
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